New Business Development

This article discusses ways in which the states and the federal government can promote the continued development of new business. Carey identifies three reforms in which states could institute that would improve the business climate: taxes, development finance initiatives and regulatory reform. He discusses how current tax policies discourage risk taking behavior and suggests that any tax cut should aim to increase the liquidity available for capital investment, such as exempting investments made within a firm\u27s first five years of existence from state capital gains tax, refunding investment tax credits, and broadening state sales tax exemptions. Carey also highlights how states could improve the operation of private markets with the use of public pension funds, exemptions to state usury law limitations and policies that incentivize private investment. However, infrastructure and energy issues are significant obstacles that need to be addressed in order to accomplish this business development. Carey also examines the federal government\u27s role in this endeavor, arguing that it should lay the groundwork for increased economic stimulation in the future through strategic tax cuts and a reduction of fiscal federalism. Specifically, Carey notes that domestic programs should be administered jointly by federal and state governments to ensure consistency and efficiency in federal policies

New Business Development

This article discusses ways in which the states and the federal government can promote the continued development of new business. Carey identifies three reforms in which states could institute that would improve the business climate: taxes, development finance initiatives and regulatory reform. He discusses how current tax policies discourage risk taking behavior and suggests that any tax cut should aim to increase the liquidity available for capital investment, such as exempting investments made within a firm\u27s first five years of existence from state capital gains tax, refunding investment tax credits, and broadening state sales tax exemptions. Carey also highlights how states could improve the operation of private markets with the use of public pension funds, exemptions to state usury law limitations and policies that incentivize private investment. However, infrastructure and energy issues are significant obstacles that need to be addressed in order to accomplish this business development. Carey also examines the federal government\u27s role in this endeavor, arguing that it should lay the groundwork for increased economic stimulation in the future through strategic tax cuts and a reduction of fiscal federalism. Specifically, Carey notes that domestic programs should be administered jointly by federal and state governments to ensure consistency and efficiency in federal policies

Possible environmental effects of increased coal use in California

If coal is to be utilized in California it must be made compatible with the state's drive toward restoring environmental quality. The impacts resulting from coal's mining and transportation, or from water consumption, water quality degradation and electric transmission line routing can probably be adequately mitigated through strong and early planning efforts, the use of improved control and process technologies, and sincere utility commitment. The socioeconomic impacts may prove somewhat more difficult to satisfactorily mitigate. Of greatest concern is adequate control of generated air pollutants and disposal of solid and liquid wastes since acceptable technologies or handling techniques have yet to be conclusively demonstrated

The universal gerbe, Dixmier-Douady class, and gauge theory

We clarify the relation between the Dixmier-Douady class on the space of self adjoint Fredholm operators (`universal B-field') and the curvature of determinant bundles over infinite-dimensional Grassmannians. In particular, in the case of Dirac type operators on a three dimensional compact manifold we obtain a simple and explicit expression for both forms.Comment: 13 pages, no figure

Loop groups, anyons and the Calogero-Sutherland model

The positive energy representations of the loop group of U(1) are used to construct a boson-anyon correspondence. We compute all the correlation functions of our anyon fields and study an anyonic W-algebra of unbounded operators with a common dense domain. This algebra contains an operator with peculiar exchange relations with the anyon fields. This operator can be interpreted as a second quantised Calogero-Sutherland (CS) Hamiltonian and may be used to solve the CS model. In particular, we inductively construct all eigenfunctions of the CS model from anyon correlation functions, for all particle numbers and positive couplings.Comment: 34 pages, Late

Spectral flow of monopole insertion in topological insulators

Inserting a magnetic flux into a two-dimensional one-particle Hamiltonian leads to a spectral flow through a given gap which is equal to the Chern number of the associated Fermi projection. This paper establishes a generalization to higher even dimension by inserting non-abelian monopoles of the Wu-Yang type. The associated spectral flow is then equal to a higher Chern number. For the study of odd spacial dimensions, a new so-called `chirality flow' is introduced which, for the insertion of a monopole, is then linked to higher winding numbers. This latter fact follows from a new index theorem for the spectral flow between two unitaries which are conjugates of each other by a self-adjoint unitary.Comment: title changed; final corrections before publication; to appear in Commun. Math. Phy

Dixmier traces and some applications to noncommutative geometry

This is a survey of some recent advances in the theory of singular traces in which the authors have played some part and which were inspired by questions raised by the book of Alain Connes (Noncommutative Geometry, Academic Press 1994). There are some original proofs and ideas but most of the results have appeared elsewhere. Detailed information on the contents is contained in the Introduction.Comment: To appear in Russian Mathematical Surveys (in Russian). New version corrects Latex problems, minor errors and reference